Close Continue. TV Licensing. Sign out. Home Easy read Cymraeg Sign out search site Search. You can pay for your licence all in one go or spread the cost. Pay for your TV Licence. Ways to pay for a TV Licence. The cable operator must fully scramble or block the programming in question upon the request of the subscriber and at no charge to the subscriber.
In addition, Section states that cable operators or other multichannel video programming distributors who offer sexually explicit programming or other programming that is indecent on any channel s primarily dedicated to sexually-oriented programming must fully scramble or block both the audio and video portions of the channels so that someone who does not subscribe to the channel does not receive it.
Until a multichannel video distributor complies with this provision, the distributor cannot provide the programming during hours when a significant number of children are likely to view it. In , the Commission adopted interim rules to implement Section of the Act. The interim rules established the hours of a. However, before the rules could take effect, Section was challenged in the courts and a federal court in Delaware issued a decision Playboy Entertainment Group v.
An appeal of this decision was filed with the U. Supreme Court. In May , the U. Supreme Court also determined that Section is unconstitutional. Finally, Section of the Cable Act allows cable operators to refuse to transmit any public access or leased access program which contains obscenity, indecency, or nudity. In June , the U. FCC which held that cable operators may decline to carry indecent programming on leased access channels , but cannot exercise the same control over programming on public access channels.
Once a cable system allows a legally qualified candidate for public office to use its facilities, it must afford "equal opportunities" to all other candidates for that office to use its facilities. The cable system may not censor the content of a candidate's material in any way, and may not discriminate between candidates in practices, regulations, facilities or services rendered while making time available to such candidates.
Candidate appearances which are exempt from the "equal opportunities" rules include appearances on a bona fide newscast, bona fide news interview, bona fide news documentary, or during on-the-spot coverage of a bona fide news event.
Cable television systems may charge political candidates only the "lowest unit charge" of the system for the same class and amount of time for the same time period, during the 45 days preceding a primary or runoff election and the 60 days preceding a general or special election.
Candidates should be charged no more per unit than the system charges its most favored commercial advertisers for the same classes and amounts of time for the same time periods. Information concerning the rates, terms, conditions and all discounts and privileges offered to commercial advertisers should be disclosed and made available to candidates. Like broadcasting stations, cable systems are generally prohibited from transmitting information or advertisements concerning lotteries or other schemes offering prizes dependent upon chance in exchange for consideration.
The rule exempts information about a state lottery cablecast by a system located in that state or another state which conducts a state lottery, or by a system which is integrated with a cable system in such a state, if it is technically unable to terminate the transmission to other states. It also permits the cablecast of information about a lottery or similar scheme that is not prohibited by the state in which it is conducted and which is 1 conducted by a not-for-profit or governmental organization or 2 conducted by a commercial organization and which is clearly occasional and ancillary to the organization's primary business.
Information about gaming conducted pursuant to the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act is also exempt. On June 14, , the U. The sponsorship identification rule requires the identification of the sponsor of any origination cablecasting which is presented in exchange for money, service or "other valuable consideration.
Where the cablecast advertises commercial products or services, a mention of the corporate or trade name is usually considered sufficient. Sponsorship identification announcements must also be made before and after certain cablecast material if inducements are given to the cable system in exchange for cablecasting the material. Regulations implemented pursuant to the Children's Television Act of restrict the amount of commercial matter that cable operators may cablecast on programs originally produced and broadcast primarily for children 12 years old and younger.
Cable operators may transmit no more than Cable systems must maintain records available for public inspection which document compliance with the rule. Advertisements for cigarettes, little cigars and smokeless tobacco are prohibited on any medium of electronic communication subject to the jurisdiction of the Federal Communications Commission.
Laws against these types of advertising have criminal penalties and are administered by the U. Department of Justice rather than by the Commission. Access channels typically provide community-oriented programming, such as local news, public announcements and government meetings. They are usually programmed by individuals or groups, on either public, educational or governmental access channels or on commercial leased access channels.
Origination channels are usually programmed by the cable system and may include many types of specialized program packages such as movies, sports, national news and public affairs, feature entertainment, children's programming or programming for specific ethnic or other minority groups.
The Commission's rules do not require cable operators to originate programming. Operators who originate programming, however, are required to comply with the Commission's program content rules. Under the Cable Act, local franchising authorities may require that cable operators set aside channels for public, educational, or governmental "PEG" use.
In addition, franchising authorities may require cable operators to provide services, facilities, and equipment for the use of these channels.
Many cable systems include several PEG channels. In general, cable operators are not permitted to control the content of programming on PEG channels. Cable operators may impose non-content-based requirements, such as minimum production standards, and may mandate equipment user training. PEG channel capacity which is not in use for its designated purpose may, with the franchising authority's permission, be used by the cable operator to provide other services.
Under certain conditions, a franchising authority may authorize the use of unused PEG channels to carry low power commercial television stations and local noncommercial educational television stations that are required by law.
Information relating to PEG channels may be obtained directly from the cable system or the local franchising authority. The statutory framework for commercial leased access was established by the Act and amended by the Cable Act. The Cable Act established leased access to assure access to the channel capacity of cable systems by parties unaffiliated with the cable operator who want to distribute video programming free of the editorial control of the cable operator.
Channel set-aside requirements were established in proportion to a system's total activated channel capacity, in order to "assure that the widest possible diversity of information sources are made available to the public from cable systems in a manner consistent with the growth and development of cable systems. Each system operator subject to this requirement was to establish the "price, terms, and conditions of such use which are at least sufficient to assure that such use will not adversely affect the operation, financial condition, or market development of the cable system.
The only exception to the leased commercial access channel set-aside provides that up to 33 percent of a system's designated leased commercial access channel capacity may be used for qualified minority or educational programming from sources that may or may not be affiliated with the cable operator. The qualified minority or educational source may be affiliated with the operator. The Cable Act amendments broadened the statutory purpose to include "the promotion of competition in the delivery of diverse sources of video programming," and the Commission was provided with expanded authority: 1 to determine the maximum reasonable rates that a cable operator may establish for leased access use, including the rate charged for the billing of subscribers and for the collection of revenue from subscribers by the cable operator for such use; 2 to establish reasonable terms and conditions for leased access, including those for billing and collection; and 3 to establish procedures for the expedited resolution of leased access disputes.
The legislative history of the amendments expresses concern that some cable operators may have established unreasonable terms or may have had financial incentives to refuse to lease channel capacity to potential leased access users based on anticompetitive motives, especially if the operator had a financial interest in the programming services it carried.
Any person aggrieved by the failure or the refusal of a cable operator to make commercial channel capacity available or to charge rates as required by Commission rules may file a petition for relief with the Commission within 60 days of the alleged violation. In order to merit relief, the petition must show by clear and convincing evidence that the operator violated the leased access statutory or regulatory provisions or otherwise acted unreasonably or in bad faith.
Relief may be in the form of refunds, injunctive relief or forfeitures. The Commission encourages parties to use alternative dispute resolution procedures such as settlement negotiation, conciliation, facilitation, mediation, fact finding, mini-trials and arbitration.
The Cable Act provides for both judicial and Commission review of leased commercial access disputes. The law also requires that these entities, if they employ six or more full-time employees, establish, maintain and execute a continuing program to assure equal employment opportunity in recruitment and employment. Key areas which this program must address include: wide recruitment for all full-time openings, use of sources that request to be notified of openings, using general non-job specific outreach initiatives like job fairs or training, and self-assessment of the system's EEO program.
The Commission monitors compliance with the EEO rules on a yearly basis. Entities are subject to an annual certification review which begins when employment units i. The purpose of this review is to determine whether the employment units are engaging in good faith EEO efforts. The Commission also requires operators to respond to selected questions from a Supplemental Investigation Sheet "SIS" which requires more detailed information regarding the operator's EEO efforts and employee job classifications.
SISs are required at least once every five years and responses to them allow the Commission to evaluate in greater detail each employment unit's employment practices, including the accuracy of its job classifications. This report, filed with the Commission only with the SIS or in response or an audit or inquiry, is required of units subject to the recruiting requirements every year.
In addition, the Commission conducts random EEO audits. The certification process consists of an examination of the information submitted on the Form C , and, if applicable, an SIS response or results of an audit. Any additional information that may have been supplied by the operator or requested by the Commission is also considered. Finally, the Commission notes any final decisions reached regarding charges of discrimination by government agencies and courts established to enforce anti-discrimination laws.
If the data indicates compliance with the EEO requirements, a certification of compliance is issued for that year. If the data raises questions about the employment unit's efforts, additional information is requested.
Based on the severity and frequency of the violation, the Commission may issue a letter of caution or decertify a unit. If a unit is decertified, the Commission may also impose reporting conditions, impose a fine, or suspend the unit's Cable Television Relay Service "CARS" license until the violation is corrected. The Commission may also communicate its adverse findings to the local franchising authority.
Complainants should keep in mind, however, that anyone filing such a complaint should include as much specific information and supporting evidence as possible in order for the EEO staff to investigate properly. Also, because of limits imposed on the Commission by statutes of limitations on violations, it is best to file such a complaint as soon as possible after a violation occurs.
The deadline for filing a charge of discrimination with the EEOC is days from the date of the discrimination. Anyone with questions about how this deadline is determined or to inquire about any possible exceptions to the deadline should contact the EEOC. In processing discrimination charges, the Commission first determines whether the charge falls within the jurisdiction of the EEOC or a comparable state or local agency.
If it does, the charge is referred to the appropriate agency and the Commission defers action on the matter until a final decision is reached. If the matter is not referred, the Commission processes the charge and determines what action or inquiry, if any, is appropriate. For further information on the Commission's Equal Employment Opportunity rules, consult the following: 47 U. The Commission rules restrict the ownership interest of cable operators and their ability to own or control video programming services.
While there are no prohibitions on foreign ownership of cable television systems, foreign governments or their representatives may not own CARS stations. Section of the Communications Act requires the Commission to prescribe rules establishing reasonable limits on the number of cable subscribers served by an individual cable operator through its ownership or control of local cable systems.
The Commission concluded that actual subscriber numbers, rather than cable homes passed, more accurately reflected the market power of a multiple system operator "MSO". In addition, given that DBS and other non-cable providers have a growing impact on the market, the Commission decided to take into account the number of all MVPD subscribers, rather than cable subscribers alone. By limiting the horizontal concentration of the cable industry, the Commission seeks to prevent the concentration of local cable systems into the hands of only a few large operators and to limit the ability of multiple system operators to exercise undue influence in the program acquisition market.
In , in Time Warner Entertainment Co. FCC , F. In , in Comcast Corp. In this context, vertical integration refers to common ownership of both cable systems and program networks, channels, services or production companies. In , the Commission issued a Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking seeking comment on issues relating to the appropriate vertical ownership limit, including the appropriate methodology for determining the limit and how to define the relevant programming and distribution markets.
Pursuant to the Cable Act, the Commission adopted rules placing restrictions on telephone companies providing cable television service. In general, telephone companies were prohibited from providing video programming directly to subscribers within their telephone service areas. However, telephone companies were allowed to provide cable television service in rural areas defined as places of fewer than persons , or where the telephone company was able to show that cable service could not exist unless provided by the telephone company.
Waivers could also be granted for good cause. The Act established various options for local exchange carriers to provide video programming to subscribers. They are: common carrier transport, wireless "BRS" , cable, and open video systems. The Commission adopted a streamlined regulatory format for open video systems that allowed open video system operators to offer their own programming and afforded independent programmers the ability to reach subscribers directly.
By encouraging entry into the video programming distribution market, the Commission positioned open video systems to compete with cable operators, direct broadcast satellite systems, and wireless cable providers.
However, following passage of the Act, this restriction does not apply to cable systems subject to effective competition in the relevant franchise area. BRS uses an omnidirectional microwave signal that is sent from a central transmission tower to receiving microwave antennas.
The microwave signal is a high frequency signal that is converted for television use by a converter located on the subscriber's receiving antenna. Cable systems distribute TV signals either through optical fiber or through coaxial cable strung on existing poles owned by telephone or electric utility companies. Cable operators also may use their own poles, place their cable underground or use transmission facilities or rights-of-way owned or controlled by a utility or municipality.
Some may use combinations of these arrangements. Sometimes conflicts arise between cable television systems and utility companies over pole attachment issues, particularly the rates for use of utility facilities and timely access to the infrastructure. The Commission is authorized to resolve pole attachment disputes by regulating the rates, terms, and conditions for cable TV pole attachments to ensure they are just and reasonable.
The Commission does not regulate pole attachments in States that have certified that they regulate pole attachments, unless a State fails to act on a complaint in a timely fashion. The Commission periodically issues public notices listing those states which have filed pole attachment regulation certifications.
The Commission maintains a webpage with information about pole attachment rules and policies. Recently, the Commission updated its pole attachment rules and policies by Order FCC in conjunction with its National Broadband plan.
Pole attachment complaints are handled by the Market Disputes Resolution Division of the Enforcement Bureau and pole attachment policy issues are addressed by the Competition Policy Division of the Wireline Competition Bureau. To allow compatibility between generic retail televisions and cable systems, the Commission has adopted modulation and channelization standards for analog and some digital cable.
To ensure the delivery of satisfactory television signals to cable subscribers, the Commission also has adopted various technical performance standards which local franchising authorities are generally authorized to enforce through their franchising process.
Cable operators are required to establish a complaint resolution process and to advise their subscribers about it annually. The Commission generally preempted conflicting local performance standards. However, Cable systems with fewer than 1, subscribers, as well as those serving rural areas, may negotiate with their respective franchising authorities for certain lower performance standards. Teicher warnerbros. Cacciola warnerbros. I believe that at the conference, TV buyers meet with production companies to buy shows for the coming year.
It looks like with membership, you also get access to the NATPE directory, which could help you track down who owns the rights to a particular show. There's also a links page pointing to associations and publications that might be informative even if you don't buy the book.
The Munsters seems to be controlled by Universal Studios, but I couldn't find any contact info on purchasing or licensing content. I hope this helps.
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If you indicate you are a start up with no current revenue it really brings down the prices of your license to a few hundred dollars a year. This can give you an immediate start on your own Music Video channel or however you intend to use the licensing. Keep in mind that they do not provide the music videos but just the license. You will need to obtain the videos yourself.
When it comes to other video content TV shows, movies and documentaries blanket licenses can become much more scarce. The main reason is because, unlike the music industry that has a common agreement to license their content through just a few organizations, the video industry has no such agreements uniting them. Because of production costs can run high and popularity from one movie or TV series to the next can vary widely so does the cost to license content.
Instead they exist from one production company to another. For example a production house that produces horror movies may offer one license to cover their last 30 movies.
Many deals like this exist you just have to look for them. One of the best ways to find good deals on licensing content is to call a company that specializes in Rights clearances a really good one is GreenLight or to attend events like the NAB where you can meet with hundreds of production companies and clearance companies. The license will detail the intended use of the video content online, broadcast TV, promotional or corporate.
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